Can You Control Type 2 Diabetes with Diet and Exercise?

For many people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, lifestyle modifications - particularly diet and exercise - can significantly improve blood sugar control. In some cases, these changes may reduce or delay the need for medication. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a landmark clinical trial, showed that lifestyle intervention (healthy eating + 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise) reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58% in people with prediabetes. This was more effective than medication (metformin) alone. Dietary recommendations from Diabetes Canada include choosing high-fibre, low-glycemic foods, limiting refined carbohydrates and added sugars, including lean proteins at each meal, eating regular, balanced meals, and monitoring portion sizes. Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Canada recommends at least 150 minutes per week of moderate aerobic activity plus resistance training 2 to 3 times per week. Not everyone can manage diabetes with lifestyle alone. Factors including genetic predisposition, duration of disease, and beta-cell function all play a role. Some individuals will need medication despite excellent lifestyle habits. Regular monitoring (A1C testing every 3 months) helps track progress. A physician can help create an individualized management plan that may include diet, exercise, and medication as needed. *This article is for informational purposes only.*

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Content reviewed by licensed Canadian physicians. Last updated February 2026.