How to Read Your Blood Test Results: A Patient Guide

Receiving blood test results can be confusing when they are full of abbreviations and reference ranges. Here is a guide to understanding the most common tests. Complete blood count (CBC): measures red blood cells (carrying oxygen), white blood cells (fighting infection), hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein), and platelets (blood clotting). Abnormalities may indicate anemia, infection, or blood disorders. Basic metabolic panel: measures glucose (blood sugar - fasting level above 7.0 mmol/L may indicate diabetes), creatinine and eGFR (kidney function), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride - important for heart and muscle function). Lipid panel: measures total cholesterol, LDL (\"bad\" cholesterol), HDL (\"good\" cholesterol), and triglycerides. These assess cardiovascular risk. Thyroid function: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is the primary screening test. High TSH suggests hypothyroidism; low TSH suggests hyperthyroidism. HbA1c: measures average blood sugar over 2 to 3 months. Below 6.0% is normal; 6.0 to 6.4% indicates prediabetes; 6.5% or higher suggests diabetes. Important caveats: reference ranges may vary between laboratories. A single result outside the normal range does not necessarily indicate a problem - trends over time are more meaningful. Always discuss your results with your physician. A telehealth appointment is sufficient for reviewing lab results. *This article is for informational purposes only.*

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Content reviewed by licensed Canadian physicians. Last updated February 2026.