Yeast Infections: Symptoms, Treatment, and When to See a Doctor

Vaginal yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis) are extremely common - approximately 75% of women will experience at least one in their lifetime. While often manageable, some situations warrant medical evaluation. Common symptoms include itching and irritation of the vulva and vagina, thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, burning during urination or intercourse, and redness and swelling of the vulva. Over-the-counter antifungal treatments (miconazole, clotrimazole) are available at Canadian pharmacies and are effective for most uncomplicated yeast infections. Oral fluconazole (Diflucan) is available by prescription as a single-dose treatment. See a doctor if this is your first yeast infection (to confirm the diagnosis), symptoms do not improve within 3 days of OTC treatment, you experience recurrent infections (4 or more per year), you are pregnant, or you also have fever, chills, or severe pain. Recurrent yeast infections may require longer treatment courses or investigation for underlying factors such as diabetes, immunosuppression, or antibiotic use. Not all vaginal symptoms are caused by yeast infections. Bacterial vaginosis and STIs can cause similar symptoms. A physician can order appropriate tests to confirm the diagnosis. Telehealth is available for initial evaluation. *This article is for informational purposes only.*

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Content reviewed by licensed Canadian physicians. Last updated February 2026.