Psychiatry vs. Psychology vs. Psychotherapy: What\'s the Difference?

Mental health care in Canada involves several types of professionals, and understanding the differences can help you choose the right support. Psychiatrists are medical doctors (MDs) who have completed additional residency training in psychiatry. They can diagnose mental health conditions, prescribe medications, and provide therapy. Psychiatry services are covered by provincial health insurance (e.g., OHIP), but wait times for non-urgent referrals can be several months. A referral from a family physician is typically required. Psychologists hold doctoral degrees (PhD or PsyD) in psychology. They specialize in psychological assessment and therapy - particularly evidence-based approaches like CBT, DBT, and psychodynamic therapy. Psychologists cannot prescribe medication in Canada. Their services are generally not covered by provincial health insurance but may be covered by private insurance or employee benefits. Psychotherapists (including registered social workers, counsellors, and registered psychotherapists) provide talk therapy. Their training varies, but regulated psychotherapists must meet provincial standards. In Ontario, for example, they are regulated by the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario. Rates are lower than psychologists, typically $80 to $150 per session. If you need medication management, a psychiatrist or your family physician is appropriate. If you are seeking talk therapy, a psychologist or psychotherapist may be the best fit. Many Canadians work with multiple professionals as part of their care team. *This article is for informational purposes only.*

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Content reviewed by licensed Canadian physicians. Last updated February 2026.